Perhaps of interest to US citizens sailing in Europe, my wife and I recently received temporary residence in the Netherlands under DAFT (Dutch American Friendship Treaty). It allows us to come and go from the Schengen countries for two years, at which time we can apply for an additional 5 years (and so on). There are some issues involved that will make it impractical for many people (you need a plausible business idea to set up a sole proprietorship), and some costs involved, but the process was straightforward and all officials exceedingly pleasant. We are very happy to have done it. If anyone wants details we can provide them in non-public communication.